Menstruation Disorders
It is defined as the absence of menstruation for a period of time greater than 90 days. It can be normal or indicative of disease.
Amenorrhea
It is defined as the absence of menstruation for a period of time greater than 90 days. It can be normal or indicative of disease. In the first case, there are all those women who have not yet had their menarche (first menstruation); pregnant women; infants (the amenorrhea that occurs during lactation is of hypothalamic-pituitary origin and is of variable duration); and menopausal women.
On the other hand, girls who have not yet started menstruating when they turn 16 or three years after presenting the first signs of puberty have primary amenorrhea, which is usually caused by a genetic abnormality, a hormonal imbalance or a structural problem. Hormones are also often the cause of secondary amenorrhea, which is when a woman who had menstruated normally suddenly stops menstruating for more than six months or three of her usual cycles.
Menorrhagia
It is a disorder in which menstrual periods are extremely heavy and / or long. Signs of menorrhagia can include spotting at least one pad every hour for several hours at a time or having menstrual periods longer than seven days. The most common cause of menorrhagia is an imbalance between the levels of estrogen and progesterone, which allows the endometrium to continue to grow. When the endometrium is shed and expelled through the vagina during menstruation, the resulting bleeding is particularly heavy.
Dysmenorrhea
They are those very painful menstrual periods that interfere with daily activities. There are two types of dysmenorrhea:
Primary dysmenorrhea is very common in adolescence and is not caused by any disease or disorder. The culprits are prostaglandins, the same chemicals that cause typical menstrual cramps.
2- Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by a physical disorder, such as uterine polyps or fibroids, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease or adenomyosis.
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Vaginal bleeding different from normal menstrual periods. It includes the following disorders, among others:
Hypermenorrhea, Very heavy menstrual bleeding is called hypermenorrhea. Alterations in the amount can occur alone or in association with other cycle disorders, such as polymenorrhea or oligomenorrhea (alteration of the menstrual cycle that lasts longer than usual, such that the woman menstruates at intervals of 36 to 90 days).
Some causes of this disorder are: alterations in the contraction of the uterus, intramural fibroids, adenomyosis, endometritis, pelvic varicocele, use of the IUD, etc.
Hypomenorrhea, a scant menstruation in quantity that generally manifests itself with minimal menstrual bleeding that only involves spotting, the woman may even think that she is not menstruating on some occasions. Cryptomenorrhea is the apparent absence of menstruation due to retention of menstrual bleeding as a consequence of atresia, lack of perforation or the presence of occlusion of an orifice or of some part of the genital duct.
There is also another disorder called Opsomenorrhea, which is menstruation produced with prolonged intervals (more than 35 days). They are usually the expression of abnormalities in ovarian function. And the Projomenorrhea, too frequent menstruation with an interval of less than 25 days.